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| courtesy: youtube.com |
Women who
had their first period at or before the age of 11 are at increased risk for
premature and early menopause and the risk is further amplified if the woman
is nulliparous according to a large observational study published on
January 25, 2017 in Oxford Journal of Human Reproduction.
It is
already known that premature menopause and early menopause are at high risk for CHD, CVD and all-cause mortality. These women can be benefited by
pharmacological and life style interventions to prevent the increased all-cause
mortality and CVD risk they are put at due to accelerated reproductive aging.[1]
This was a
pooled analysis of data of 51,450 postmenopausal women from observational
studies that contributed to The International Collaboration for a Life Course
Approach to Reproductive Health and Chronic Disease Events (InterLACE) project.[2]
InterLACE)
project is a global research collaboration that aims to advance understanding
of women's reproductive health in relation to chronic disease risk by pooling
individual participant data from several cohort and cross-sectional studies.
Age at menarche
was categorized into ≤11, 12, 13, 14 or more years and parity as nulliparous, 1
or 2 children. Premature Menopause is defined as Final Menstrual Period (FMP)
before the age of 40 years and Early menopause is when FMP is between 40–44
years.
After
multivariate regression analysis, it was seen that:
Median age
at menopause was 50 years. About 2% of women had early menopause and nearly 8%
women had premature menopause.
Women with first
period at ≤11 years of age were 1.39 times the risk early menopause, 1.8 times
the risk of premature menopause as compared to women who had first period after
≥12 years of age of age.
Nulliparous women
were at 1.32 times the risk of early menopause 2.26 times the risk of premature
menopause.
Women who
were nulliparous and had menarche at ≤11 years of age were 2 times the risk for
early menopause and 5 times the risk for premature menopause as compared to
those who had menarche ≥12 years and had one or more children.
The study
supports the finding that women at risk of premature/early menopause can be
identified by history and can be benefited by pharmacological and lifestyle
interventions to prevent the increased all-cause mortality and CVD risk they
are put at due to accelerated reproductive aging.
Complex relationship exists between
cardiovascular health and accelerated reproductive aging and further research is
needed to clarify the issue.
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