Women who have
moderate to severe iodine deficiency have a 46% less chance of getting pregnant
as compared to women who have normal iodine levels says the results of the Longitudinal
Investigation of Fertility and the Environment (LIFE) study, a population-based
prospective cohort study published in recent issue of Human Reproduction.
This is the
first study to investigate a link between iodine levels and chances of conception
in women desiring to start a family.
The researchers
interviewed and enrolled 501 women over a period of 5 years. Urine samples of all the participants were
collected at the start of the study for measuring iodine levels and these women
reported on risk factors for infertility during the interview. The women were
advised timed intercourse according to ovulation monitoring by various
fertility trackers for a period of 1 year.
Pregnancy
was detected with digital home pregnancy test around menstruation.
At 1 year, 72%
women (332) conceived while 42 women could not, and the rest decided to leave
the study.
It was seen
that nearly 56% of women had sufficient iodine levels, while 44% of women had iodine
deficiency, of whom nearly 25% samples were in range of moderate to severe
iodine deficiency.
The
researchers used fecundability odds ratio (FOR) to measure a couple’s chance of
getting pregnant in a menstrual cycle. A FOR of less than 1 suggests that the
couple will take longer time to achieve pregnancy, while FOR ratio more than 1
indicate a shorter time to pregnancy.
In this
study, women with moderate to severe iodine deficiency had a 46% reduction in odds
of conception as compared to women with adequate levels. (Adjusted FOR = 0.54)
According to
National Institute of Health (NIH), RDA of iodine for pregnant and lactating
women are 220 mcg and 290 mcg respectively, but no specific recommendation is
made for women trying to get pregnant.
According to
WHO, a urinary iodine levels less than 150 mcg/L are considered insufficient while
levels between 150–249 mcg/L indicates adequate iodine nutrition during
pregnancy. About 30% of US women of childbearing age have iodine deficiency.
In pregnant
women, iodine is necessary for brain development and is the most common cause
of preventable mental retardation worldwide. It also causes miscarriage and
stillbirths. Chronic, severe iodine deficiency in utero causes cretinism, a condition characterized by mental
retardation, deaf mutism, motor spasticity, stunted growth, delayed sexual
maturation, and other physical and neurological abnormalities.
It is also
difficult to test women for iodine levels and give advice on iodine levels. The
issue of iodine deficiency has not yet been addressed in women who are trying
to conceive.
The authors conclude that choosing a diet adequate in iodine is
the key to avoid deficiency and some experts believe that consuming prenatal vitamins
with iodine can address the problem of iodine deficiency in pregnancy.
Media courtesy: Mercola.com
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