Stair-step clomiphene protocols shortens time to ovulation in women with PCOS

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 Stair-step clomiphene protocol shortens induction time and brings about more ovulation in women with PCOS says the results of a retrospective cohort study published in January issue of Journal Obstetrics and Gynecology.

The researchers looked at traditional and step-up protocol in terms of ovulation rates and time to ovulation in women who have not responded to initial dose of 50mg of clomiphene citrate(CC).

Over a period of 2 years, the study included 109 patients attending a university hospital infertility clinic, with 66 women receiving traditional treatment and 43 were given the stair-step dose of clomiphene.  

The women were monitored for time to ovulation, as well as ovulation rates, clinical pregnancy rates and mild to moderate side effects.

The traditional protocol was used in 2012, in which CC 50mg was given between days 5-9. If no ovulation occurred, the dose was increased by 50mg after a spontaneous menses or a progestin induced bleed.

The stair-step protocol was used in 2013, in which CC 50mg was given between days 5-9. If no developing follicle >10mm was noted between days 11-14, the dose was increased to100mg immediately for 5 days and an ultrasound was repeated 12 days later. The dose was increased in increments of 50mg until a dose of 250mg was achieved.

It was seen that time to ovulation was nearly 50% less with stair-step method as compared with that of traditional method (23±1.8 vs 47.5±12.5 days, p<0.001). With 100 mg of CC, ovulation rates were comparable with both methods but was nearly 3 times with 150 mg CC (37% vs 12%, p=0.004) and 4 times with 200mg CC (21% vs 5%, p=0.01), with stair-step method as compared to traditional one.

Once ovulation was achieved, clinical and overall pregnancy rates did not differ between both the methods (16% vs 17%, p>0.05).

Women with stair-step method did experience mild side effects like headaches, vasomotor flushing, mastalgia and GI more frequently; however, incidence of severe side effects were similar in both the groups.

The authors concluded that stair-step method is an efficient and effective method for ovulation induction with CC at significantly decreased time. Authors of a prospective cohort study even cited the stair-step protocol as an alternative to gonadotrophin therapy with similar efficacy.

The abstract was also presented as 70th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, October 18-22, 2014, Honolulu, Hawaii and could be accessed here.

Abstract